Johdanto: miljoonan dollarin ongelma
نویسندگان
چکیده
Amerikkalainen Clay Mathematics Institute -tutkimuslaitos nimesi keväällä 2000 vuosituhannen vaihtumisen kunniaksi seitsemän avointa matemaattista ongelmaa, joista kunkin ratkaisijalle on luvassa miljoonan dollarin palkinto. Yhtenä instituutin listan [6] tehtävänä on selvittää, onko “P=NP”. Listan taustamateriaalista löytyvän täsmällisen määritelmän mukaan tämä lyhyt merkintä tarkoittaa kysymystä, voidaanko jokainen “epädeterministisellä Turingin koneella polynomisessa ajassa tunnistettava kieli tunnistaa myös jollakin polynomisessa ajassa toimivalla deterministisellä Turingin koneella”.
منابع مشابه
Sukupuoliset Tietokonepelaamisen Tavat
The primary aim of this paper is to examine how three selected computer games respond to the preferences of girl players. In short, the paper explores whether these example games are suitable for girl players. Research concerns with three computer games: Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura (2001), Warcraft III: The Reign of Chaos (2002), and The Sims (1998). This paper aims to show that t...
متن کامل1 Johdanto
Understanding consumer behaviour is of vital importance to consumer oriented e-business models today. In this paper we study the relationships between consumer perceptions of risk and trust and the attitude towards purchasing at a consumer-to-consumer electronic marketplace. Typical for electronic marketplace settings is that consumer behaviour is subject to perceptions of the selling party as ...
متن کاملGains from diversification on convex combinations: A majorization and stochastic dominance approach
By incorporating both majorization theory and stochastic dominance theory, this paper presents a general theory and a unifying framework for determining the diversification preferences of risk-averse investors and conditions under which they would unanimously judge a particular asset to be superior. In particular, we develop a theory for comparing the preferences of different convex combination...
متن کاملImproved immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid by Brucella abortus S19 LPS adjuvant.
BACKGROUND Adjuvants are used to increase the immunogenicity of new generation vaccines, especially those based on recombinant proteins. Despite immunostimulatory properties, the use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant has been hampered due to its toxicity and pyrogenicity. Brucella abortus LPS is less toxic and has no pyrogenic properties compared to LPS from other gram negati...
متن کامل